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Cement, Steel, and Stocks
Cement, Steel, and Stocks
by
Ben Stein
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Friday, November 11, 2005

If you are an inveterate reader of financial publications as I am, occasionally certain recurring themes pop up that tell a tale. The one I have been noticing lately is about two oddly basic materials: Cement and steel.
Let's go back a few months or a year ago or even a few weeks ago. The story was that because of immense building in China and India, because of the stunning U.S. housing boom, because of the need to rebuild in the Louisiana-Mississippi region after Katrina, building supplies were going to be in very short supply. This was going to drive up costs and inflation and harm the recovery. There were stories about builders in the Southeast simply being unable to get steel for building or cement for laying foundations even before the hurricane.
Now, Chinese and Indian steel mills are cutting prices dramatically to sell their products. Cement is not exactly being given away, but shortage conditions have eased very considerably. China's output of cement is growing so rapidly that it is forecast to become a net cement exporter soon (if it isn't already). This will have a huge effect on cement availability everywhere.
Inflation or Economic Slowdown?
All of this goes to a set of fundamental questions and answers about the world economy.
If building commodity prices, or at least some of them, are falling and if the supply coming from China is beginning to exceed the demand from China, what effect will this have on world prices? And if oil is collapsing in price (at least in the short run) as consumers show far more ability to conserve than had been expected, what effect will this have on the domestic inflation rate? To put it another way, if major commodity prices are falling on world markets, does this portend an explosion of demand or a world slowdown?
One of the few advantages of being 60 years old, as I am, is that I have lived through many business cycles. If memory serves, collapsing steel prices are often a harbinger of a world slowdown. If memory serves -- and here I know I am right -- collapsing prices of gasoline at the pump are a hint that the next inflation headline numbers will not be cause for alarm -- at least not for alarm in an upwards direction.
Let's step back. We have rising hotel room prices, rising air fare prices (but not for long), and rising wages for energy workers. Balanced against that is gasoline that's about 80 cents a gallon cheaper at the pump than it was a few weeks ago, steel off 30 percent from its high in the spring, and plentiful cement -- at least more plentiful than it was. The weight certainly seems to be in favor of less drama about inflation and more concern about growth.
What It Means for Investors
Surely, this means that the incoming Federal Reserve chairman, the brilliant Dr. Benjamin Shalom Bernanke, will not need to raise interest rates any further. This, in turn, means less pressure on long-term bond prices and a possible lowering of long term rates, including mortgage rates (which might breathe more life into the housing market ... this bubble may not be dead yet by a long shot). And above all for us stock market investors, a lower interest rate (or a halt in steadily rising rates) means that earnings are worth more because they are discounted back to the present value at a lower rate. This may sound complex, but what it basically means is that a dollar of earnings in 2010 is worth a lot more if interest rates are low than if they are high. This variable is one of the absolute basics of the stock market's valuations.
If the main factor working to keep stock prices in check has been inflationary fears and the interest rate fears that go along with inflationary fears, those factors may soon be gone. Alas, there is always an "on the other hand" and in this case, the "other hand" may well be forecasting an economic slowdown and a slowdown in corporate profits. But the signs of that are still few. What we are seeing is solid economic growth, a rapid return to a non-inflationary environment, and an interest rate that is friendly to stock holders.
Of course, there will be fluctuations, and there could be terrorism or a natural disaster. And a housing debacle (which I do not expect) could wreck consumer confidence. But the tea leaves about inflation are distinctly encouraging. There will always be peaks and valleys, but today looks like an awfully good time for the long term investor in broad indexes to jump in. Stocks are still trading at reasonable price-earnings ratios and price-book ratios by the most recent 15-year standards and with the inflationary haze lifting, we could see a happy moment for the man or woman building for retirement.