The rankings of some wealthy nations for both men and women are less favourable in 2010 than they were in 1990, partly because of improvements in health elsewhere, but also due to an epidemic of "lifestyle" diseases related in particular to obesity.
The United States slipped from 34th and 41st place for men and women in 1990 to 49th and 45th respectively in 2010.
The five countries in 2010 with the lowest male adult mortality are, in order, Iceland, Sweden, Malta, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
For women, the countries are Cyprus, South Korea, Japan, Greece, Italy and Spain.
Over the four-decade period South Korea made spectacular gains, with its ranking for men rising from 167 to 31, and for women from 123 to 2.
Funding for the research came from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.