Oh, oh...AI traders are coming!
HAL 9000-Style Machines, Kubrick's Fantasy, Outwit Traders
By Jason Kelly
May 3 (Bloomberg) -- Way up in a New York skyscraper, inside the headquarters of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., Michael Kearns is trying to teach a computer to do something other machines can't: think like a Wall Street trader.
In his cubicle overlooking the trading floor, Kearns, 44, consults with Lehman Brothers traders as Ph.D.s tap away at secret software. The programs they're writing are designed to sift through billions of trades and spot subtle patterns in world markets.
Kearns, a computer scientist who has a doctorate from Harvard University, says the code is part of a dream he's been chasing for more than two decades: to imbue computers with artificial intelligence, or AI.
His vision of Wall Street conjures up science fiction fantasies of HAL 9000, the sentient computer in ``2001: A Space Odyssey.'' Instead of mindlessly crunching numbers, AI-powered circuitry one day will mimic our brains and understand our emotions -- and outsmart human stock pickers, he says.
``This is going to change the world, and it's going to change Wall Street,'' says Kearns, who spent the 1990s researching AI at Murray Hill, New Jersey-based Bell Laboratories, birthplace of the laser and the transistor.
As finance Ph.D.s, mathematicians and other computer-loving disciples of quantitative analysis challenge traditional traders and money managers, Kearns and a small band of AI scientists have set out to build the ultimate money machine.
For decades, investment banks and hedge fund firms have employed quants and their computers to uncover relationships in the markets and exploit them with rapid-fire trades.
Hyperquants
Quants seek to strip human emotions such as fear and greed out of investing. Today, their brand of computer-guided trading has reached levels undreamed of a decade ago. A third of all U.S. stock trades in 2006 were driven by automatic programs, or algorithms, according to Boston-based consulting firm Aite Group LLC. By 2010, that figure will reach 50 percent, according to Aite.
AI proponents say their time is at hand. Vasant Dhar, a former Morgan Stanley quant who teaches at New York University's Stern School of Business in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, is trying to program a computer to predict the ways in which unexpected events, such as the sudden death of an executive, might affect a company's stock price...
`Acid Test'
For Dhar, the markets are the ultimate AI lab. ``Reality is the acid test,'' says Dhar, a 1978 graduate of the Indian Institutes of Technology, or ITT, whose campuses are India's best schools for engineering and computer science. He collected his doctorate in artificial intelligence from the University of Pittsburgh.
A professor of information systems at Stern, Dhar left the school to become a principal at Morgan Stanley from 1994 to '97, where he founded the data-mining group and focused on automated trading and the profiling of asset management clients. He still builds computer models to help Wall Street firms predict markets and figure out clients' needs. Since 2002, his models have correctly predicted the stock prices from month to month 61 percent of the time, he says.
`Next Frontier'
Dhar says AI programs typically start with a human hunch about the markets. Let's say you think that rising volatility in stock prices may signal a coming ``breakout,'' Wall Street-speak for an abrupt rise or fall in prices. Dhar says he would select market indicators for volatility and stock prices, feed them into his AI algorithms and let them check whether that intuition is right. If it is,
the program would look for market patterns that hold up over time and base trades on them...
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That sounds very familiar.
