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Value stocks outperform growth stocks. Investors who ignored this message in the late 1990s got badly burnt. Since 2000, investing in U.S. value stocks-buying companies that are cheap in relation to their book value and earnings-has produced annual returns of 5.4%, according to Ibbotson Associates. Growth investors have lost nearly 5% a year over the same period. After this strong performance, savvy investors are asking whether value is, well, overvalued.
By definition, value stocks trade at a discount to companies with better growth prospects. In the past, the discount has turned out to be excessive. That explains why value investors have done so well. Today, however, the book-value discount to growth is 41%, compared with its historic average of 63%. according to Trilogy Advisors, an investment firm. Since the turn of the century, value stocks have had the wind in their sails. They started out cheap relative to massively overpriced technology and large-cap stocks. The Federal Reserve's easy-money policy also helped.
Financial companies, which comprise a third of the stocks in Morgan Stanlet's MSCI U.S. value index, have benefited from low interest rates and strong growth in mortage lending. As real interest rates have declined, yield-hungary investors have boosted traditional value sectors paying large dividends-such as utilities.
The private-equity boom has also been a boon. Companies with poor growth prospects and stable cash flows have been gobbled up by leveraged-buyout firms. Businesses whose performances are tied to the economic cycle-another traditional value category- also benefited as the economy emerged from the 2001 recession.
Today, the prospects for value are less bright. Interest rates continue to rise, makingthe dividend plays less attractive. Financial companies, which can no longer earn easy profits frm the interest-rate carry trade, are exposed to the weakening housing market. Private-equity demand remains strong, but the easy pickings in the value sector are long gone.
Since 1980, whenever the value discount has narrowed to its current level, growth stocks have outperformed value shares by an average of more than 5% a year over the following five years. The stock market today is caught in a value trap.
Dennis