A bear is defined as a prolonged period of stock prices declining on balance. This means lower highs and lower lows, interim extremes on both sides gradually trending lower. We've certainly seen this phenomenon unfolding in the SPX. This index's 200-day moving average also rolled over in January. A 200dma deftly distills out all the day-to-day noise to point in the
primary trend's direction like an arrow, and the SPX's is heading lower.
Wall Street, which is loath to ever declare a bear since it is so bad for business, waits for the last possible moment to make the proclamation. Thus its definition of a bear is a 20%+ decline from the latest interim high. This metric was officially hit on a closing basis on July 9th, so even Wall Street has no excuse to dance around disclosing this bear market. And since this 20% decline level is around 1250 on the SPX, it has already spent the better part of two weeks in official bear territory.
Over the past year this bear has unfolded in textbook fashion too. It emerged out of an all-time secular high in early October. Until the SPX's 200dma decisively failed, in early January, it was unclear whether the early selling was a bull-market correction or bear-market downleg. But the farther the SPX fell under its 200dma, which is major support in an ongoing bull, the more powerful the bearish case looked. I wrote about the increasing odds for a new cyclical bear
in January when Wall Street scoffed at such a heretical notion.