Almanac Trader
Why a March 2016 Fed rate hike is more likely
Back in September, when the Fed last meet and released a Summary of Economic Projections, we correctly guessed that they would take no action. International developments, a decelerating labor market and falling inflation at that time all suggested the Fed would take another
timeout.
Yesterday's Fed statement seems to only have added further confusion to an already murky rate outlook. Economic activity that was cited as “
expanding” in September is now being referenced to in the present perfect progressive tense, “
has been expanding.” The tense defines an action that began in the past, continues in the present and may continue into the future. It would seem that (future) economic growth is on shaky ground. Yesterday's update to the
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta GDPNow forecast for the third quarter is now a whopping 1.1%. This is an improvement from the 0.8% it was before yesterday's international trade report, but still far below overheating.
Although economic growth is not a direct mandate for the Fed, its tepid pace has trickled over to the labor market where the recent trend in payroll gains has slipped markedly. Total gains in payrolls in August and September both came in light and well off the recent streak of 200k-plus. Next Friday’s October report will either confirm recent weakness or mark a turnaround.
Inflation, actual and expectations, is another issue for the Fed. Year-over-year, seasonally adjusted CPI has been between 0.2% and –0.2%
since January 2015. This is well below the Fed’s 2% target and the nine-month streak is weighing on future inflation expectations. Back in January, it was energy’s fault. Crude oil had plunged from over $100 per barrel to around $45 per barrel. And somehow, its recent slip from $60 back to $45 is being cited as a main driver for sinking inflation now. It would seem there is much more going on than just the decline in energy prices.
Yesterday's Fed statement also included a direct (or seemingly so) reference to its December meeting. The words “
how long to maintain this target range” in the September statement were replaced with “
whether it will be appropriate to raise the target range at its next meeting” in yesterday’s release. Is the Fed suggesting they are ready to go in December or are they merely making it clear that they could go at any future meeting? Given the Fed’s history, it is most likely the Fed making it clear that they intend to move rates higher, but not necessarily in December. What are the odds of an unscheduled November meeting rate hike?
Why not December or January? Too much data still suggests the U.S and global economies are still in a “soft patch.” A move in December also has the potential of upsetting yearend transactions and settlements. A January move seems premature as well as fourth quarter and full-year 2015 data will still be in the preliminary stage. This leads us to a March 2016 move. By then there should be sufficient data to support a rate increase or not. March is also well ahead of the presidential election in November which would effectively null and void any political arguments for or against a move.
In the end it is all just a guess as there is no way to be certain where the U.S. or global economy will be two or five months from today.