Why You Should Avoid 401(k) Loans
Borrowing from your 401(k) will likely make it harder for you to meet your financial goals. Because you're taking money out of the market, you'll miss out on the gains you would have benefited from otherwise. A few readers wrote me noting that the interest rate that their 401(k) earns from the loan now approaches 10%, which is a competitive rate of return relative to the stock market's historical gains. But it would be a mistake to call that repaid interest a "gain." Because borrowers pay themselves interest, they're merely shifting money from one pocket to another.
It also may be more difficult to maintain your current contribution rate when you've got to pay back your loan at the same time. If you end up cutting back, you'll end up retiring with a smaller account. And keep in mind that relatively small amounts really add up over time. Let's say you contribute $1,000 less to your 401(k) this year. If stocks average a 10% annual return, that $1,000 would have turned into $17,450 over the next 30 years.
Moreover, you could run into some serious trouble if you lose your job or change employers. That's exactly what happened to a friend of mine, who borrowed from her 401(k) account to put a down payment on a house. Soon after, she lost her job. Her plan, like many others, required her to pay back her loan in full within 60 days of leaving her company. Out of work and now with a mortgage to pay, she couldn't handle the full balance. As a result, she defaulted on her 401(k) loan, meaning she had to pay taxes on her loan balance on top of the 10% penalty for early withdrawal.
Had my friend kept her job, her decision to borrow from her 401(k) might've looked better. If the value of her new home rose more quickly than the stock market and more than made up for the costs of borrowing, then she'd appear pretty smart. But the problem is that there's no way of guaranteeing that would happen. In the end, she's using her retirement savings to speculate on real estate prices. The recent slowdown in home prices is one reminder why that's not a good idea.