imported post
Federal Reserve Charts
Adjusted Monetary Base: Short-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/usfd/page3.pdf
MZM (Money of Zero Maturity): Short-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/usfd/page5.pdf
M2: Short-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/usfd/page6.pdf
Monetary Base: Long-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/mt/page10.pdf
MZM, M1, M2, M3: Long-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/mt/page6.pdf
Money Velocity: Long-term
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/mt/page12.pdf
U.S. Interest Rates
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/mt/page9.pdf
Real Interest Rates
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/mt/page8.pdf
U.S. Government Debt
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page17.pdf
U.S. Trade Deficit
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page18.pdf
Gross Savings & Balance on Current Account (Balance of Payments)
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page15.pdf
Federal budget is Katrina's next victim
By Kevin G. Hall and James Kuhnhenn
Posted on Sat, Sep. 17, 2005
WASHINGTON - President Bush and lawmakers from both parties are pledging record reconstruction spending in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, estimated at $200 billion or more. That's certain to add to the mushrooming national debt that already has the country dependent on foreign investors.
The $200 billion is about equal to what's been spent so far on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It's almost half the size of this year's domestic discretionary spending, essentially everything the government does besides national defense, Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
President Bush vowed Friday to rebuild the battered Gulf Coast -- ``whatever it costs'' -- and to pay for it by cutting the federal budget, not raising taxes.
``You bet it's going to cost money. But I'm confident we can handle it,'' Bush said. ``It's going to mean that we're going to have to cut unnecessary spending.''
The current federal budget deficit stands at $331 billion -- already at the third-highest level ever -- and the national debt is $7.94 trillion, about $2.2 trillion more than when Bush took office.
Each year's deficit spending adds to the federal debt, which is passed on to future generations. Taxpayers will pay about $208 billion for the fiscal year starting Oct. 1 simply to cover interest costs on that debt.
That's more than 25 times next year's $8.2 billion budget for the Environmental Protection Agency, illustrating that exploding deficits impose large costs on today's taxpayers. The money for interest payments on the debt goes to investors in Treasury bonds, such as the Chinese government. Foreigners now hold 46 percent of the Treasury's debt.
Increasingly, financing the federal deficit depends in part on the kindness of foreigners, because they determine the demand for Treasury bonds. If these nations sour on U.S. Treasury bonds, interest rates would have to rise to keep investment coming in.
Asked Friday about the impact of rising deficits and debt on tomorrow's taxpayers, Bush called on Congress to make some offsetting cuts in spending on other things. He didn't specify what, and top White House advisers had not identified a single program cut that would offset Hurricane Katrina expense.
Budget analyst Brian Riedl of the conservative Heritage Foundation predicted that Katrina, the war in Iraq and huge costs for the Medicare prescription drug program could push the federal deficit to $520 billion in 2008 and argued that Bush needs to plug that hole with spending cuts. ``The president laid out a very ambitious agenda. I wish he had told us where the money was going to come from to pay for it all,'' he told Newsday.
Some fiscal conservatives are alarmed.
``It is inexcusable for the White House and Congress to not even make the effort to find at least some offsets to this new spending,'' said Sen. Tom Coburn, R-Okla.
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., another fiscal conservative, suggested that the first place to begin offsetting Katrina's costs is to chop the $287 billion highway bill, which Congress passed earlier this summer. They see $24 billion in savings by eliminating ``earmarks'' that individual lawmakers inserted for special projects back home, in other words ``pork barrel'' projects that were not approved by the usual review committees.
``We have to be concerned about future generations of Americans upon whom we're laying an additional $100 billion, $150 billion, $200 billion in debt burden that they're going to have to pay for,'' McCain said. ``We're going to end up with the highest deficit probably in the history of this country.''
Democrats, however, emphasize rethinking all the tax reductions that have passed since Bush became president, for they reduced the revenue flow that funds government spending. They were quick to criticize the president's renewed fight to extend his tax cuts, which Congress has postponed consideration of for at least the next months.
Rep. John Spratt of South Carolina, the ranking Democrat on the House Budget Committee, pointed out the long-term effects of those extensions.
``The president should acknowledge the consequences of what he's talking about,'' Spratt told the New York Times, adding that the combined cost of Bush's tax proposals -- including a possible repeal of the alternative minimum tax -- could hit $2 trillion over 10 years. ``This will clearly preclude cutting the deficit in half over the next five years.''
``I'm not really into cutting right now,'' Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid of Nevada said Thursday, referring to spending. Instead, he urged Republicans to abandon plans to make the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts permanent, especially the repeal of the estate tax.
But with Bush and the Republicans, who control Congress, dead set against raising taxes, and with history showing that Congress is highly unlikely to cut existing programs anywhere near $200 billion, most if not all of Katrina's cost will add to the deficit. And that spells trouble down the road.
``I think the short answer is it is going to make the budget situation even worse, and the way we're going to pay for it is borrow the money,'' said Robert Bixby, the executive director of the Concord Coalition, a bipartisan group that advocates fiscal responsibility.
Adding to the debt is particularly risky because it complicates a grim scenario that is just around the bend. In 2011, the first wave of the baby boom generation will turn 65. For the two decades that follow, budget experts warn, there will be unprecedented strain on government spending for retirement and health care programs.
``We're on the verge of a huge national expense, and we have no idea how to pay for that,'' Bixby said. ``The danger here is that we're simply making that problem even worse by entering it with the budget so deeply in deficit.''
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/12671176.htm